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=== Here are practice questions that we will work on in class and for HW. Students, as groups and as individuals, will complete these questions WITH detailed explanations. Simply answering the question with the letter answer will NOT be enough. Students will then present, on occasions, their reasons for their answers in class. ===

How to get started:

 * 1) Copy and paste the below info.
 * 2) Open up a Microsoft Word document.
 * 3) Paste this Microsoft Word document and save (getting a thumbdrive is a really good idea so you can easy bring your work to class).
 * 4) Start answering your assigned question(s).
 * 5) Save often.
 * 6) When you can. . . upload your answers to the Wiki. NOTE. . . only one person can be on the site at a time. You will see a warning if you are trying to upload when someone else is.
 * 7) Scroll to the bottom of the page and in the "optional comment box" write down what you did. For example, John Smith did question 7 or Jon and Jane did question 7.
 * 8) Save your work on the Wiki.

Evolution Questions

1. The condition in which there are barriers to inbreeding between individuals of the same species separated by a portion of a mountain range is referred to as
 * 1) minute variations
 * 2) geographic isolation
 * 3) infertility
 * 4) reproductive isolation
 * 5) differential breeding capacity
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

2. Which of the following statements best express the concept of gradualism?
 * 1) Minute changes in the genome individuals eventually lead to the evolution of a population.
 * 2) The five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will prevent populations from evolving quickly.
 * 3) Evolution occurs in rapid bursts of change alternating with long periods in which species remain relatively unchanged.
 * 4) Profound change over the course of geologic history is the result of an accumulation of slow, continuous processes.
 * 5) When two species compete for a single resource in the same environment, one of them will gradually become extinct.
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

3. A number of different phylogenies have been proposed by scientists over the decades. These are useful because they
 * 1) predict which species will evolve the most quickly in the future
 * 2) give us information about which species evolved most quickly in the past
 * 3) allow us to determine when two populations that are similar evolved into separate species.
 * 4) show that molecular resemblances among closely related organisms are rare.
 * 5) Allow us to study evolutionary relationships and evaluate the relatedness of living organisms.
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

4. All of the following statements are part of Darwin’s theory of evolution EXCEPT:
 * 1) The most prominent contribution to evolution is made by the process of genetic mutation
 * 2) Natural selection is the force behind evolution.
 * 3) Natural selection occurs as a result of the differing reproductive success of individuals in a population.
 * 4) The driving force of evolution is the adaptation of a population of organisms to their environment.
 * 5) More individuals are born in a population than will survive to reproduce.
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

5. In a certain group of rabbits, the presence of yellow fur is the result of a homozygous recessive condition in the biochemical pathway producing hair pigment. If the frequency of the allele for this condition is .10, which of the following is the closest to the frequency of the dominant allele in this population? (Assume that the population is in HW equilibrium.
 * 1) .01
 * 2) .20
 * 3) .40
 * 4) .90
 * 5) 1.0
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

The group of questions below consists of fiver lettered choices followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one choice that is most closely related to it. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. 6. Leads to new species with certain traits desired by humans.
 * 1) artificial selection
 * 2) homology
 * 3) gene pool
 * 4) The founder effect
 * 5) The bottleneck effect
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

7. Can result in a new island population with limited gene pool.
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

8. One result of evolution from a common ancestor.
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

9. A result of drastic reduction in population size due to a sudden change in the environment.
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

10. Constitutes all of the alleles in a population.
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

11. All of the following are examples of prezygotic barriers EXCEPT:
 * 1) habitat isolation
 * 2) behavioral isolation
 * 3) temporal isolation
 * 4) mechanical isolation
 * 5) hybrid breakdown
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

12. Species that are found only in one particular geographic location are said to be
 * 1) behaviorally evolved
 * 2) endemic
 * 3) speciated
 * 4) undergoing behavioral isolation
 * 5) undergoing mechanical isolation
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

13. The allele that causes sickle-cell disease is found with greater frequency in Africa, where malaria is more of a threat, than in the U.S. Which genetic phenomena most likely contributes to the difference in frequency?
 * 1) heterozygote advantage
 * 2) heterozygote protection theory
 * 3) balanced polymorphism
 * 4) frequency-dependent selection
 * 5) neutral variations
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

14. In a population of squirrels, the allele that causes bushy tail (B) is dominant, while the allele that causes bald tail is recessive (b). If we know the frequency with which the bushy tail (B) allele occurs, we can calculate the frequency of the bald tail (b) allele with which of the following equations?
 * 1) b-B=1
 * 2) 2b=B
 * 3) b=1-B
 * 4) b2 -1=B
 * 5) b + 1=B
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

15. The categories in which systematists place species, in order of increasing specificity, are
 * 1) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
 * 2) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
 * 3) class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species
 * 4) family, genus, order, phylum, species, kingdom, domain, class
 * 5) phylum, genus, order, species, class, domain, kingdom
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

16. A marsupial living in Austria has evolved to eat tree leaves, be diurnal, and raise its young until they are of reproductive age. A grazing placental mammal has also evolved to eat tree leaves, be diurnal, and raise its young until they are of reproductive age. This is an example of which of the following types of evolution?
 * 1) divergent evolution
 * 2) species-specific evolution
 * 3) convergent evolution
 * 4) neutral evolution
 * 5) sibling evolution
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

17. Which of the following can lead to sympatric speciation?
 * 1) migration of a small number of individuals
 * 2) natural disaster that cuts off contact between members of a population
 * 3) a newly formed river separates segments of a population
 * 4) autopolyploidy
 * 5) bottleneck effect
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

18. Which of the following is the basis upon which biologists construct cladograms?
 * 1) patterns of shared characteristics
 * 2) analogies among related organisms
 * 3) molecular similarities, but not structural similarities
 * 4) paraphyletic groupings
 * 5) similarities within populations
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

19. In a phylogeny of the animal kingdom, the wings of butterflies and the wings of birds would best be described as
 * 1) shared derived characters
 * 2) shared primitive characters
 * 3) homologous structures
 * 4) analogous structures
 * 5) clades
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **

20. Which of the following constitutes the smallest unit capable of evolution?
 * 1) an individual
 * 2) a group
 * 3) a population
 * 4) a clade
 * 5) a community
 * Answer: **
 * Explanation: **