Period+3+ch+5+Q


 * AP Biology Name _**
 * Chapter 5 Guided Reading Assignment**

> > > > a) DEHYDRATION REACTION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF A POLYMER > > > > b) HYDROLYSIS OF A POLYMER >
 * 1) Label the diagram below – identify a monomer, polymer, condensation reaction, and hydrolysis.

2. What are the three hexose monosaccharides?

 Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose

3. What is a glycosidic linkage and what do the numbers 1-4 and 1-2 relate to? Glycosidic linkage is a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. 1-4 reaction and 1-2 reaction are examples of disaccharide synthesis. 1-4 -is the linkage of the number 1 carbon of one glucose to the number 4 carbon of another glucose in order to form a disaccharide (dehydration reaction to create maltose) 1-2 is the linkage of the number 1 carbon of glucose to the number 2 carbon of fructose to form sucrose (dehydration reaction)

4. Compare and contrast the two storage polysaccharides.

Polysaccharides are macromolecules, polymers with a dew hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined together by glycosidc linkages. ** Starch **, a storage polysacchaide of plants, is a polymer consisting of glucose monmers. The simplest form of starch, amylose, is ubranched. Amylopectin i a more complex tarch, is a brached polymer. Some plants store starch as ranules within cellular structures clled plastid - include chloroplasts. Synthesizing starch enables the plant to stockpile surplus glucose. - glucose is a major cellular fuel. Glycogen, is a ploysaccharide stored by animals, and a polymer of glucose that is ike amylopectin but more extensively branched. Humans and other vertebrates store glycogen mostly in the liver and muscle cells. Hydrolysis of glycogen in the cells releases glucose when teh deman for sugar increases - this is stored fuel cannot sustain an animal for long.  5. Compare and contrast the two structural polysaccharides.

6. Why are lipids grouped together?
 * They have little or no affinity for water **

7. What are the building blocks of fats? ​** lipids **

8. Contrast saturated and unsaturated fats – how does this relate to the concept that structure and function are linked? Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats
 * contain no double bonds
 * most fat found in animals is saturated
 * Bad fats
 * associated with heart disease
 * contain one or more double bonds
 * contain fewer hydrogen molecules per carbon
 * plants contain unsaturated fats

Saturated and unsaturated fats refer to the structure of the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids. 9. Label the molecule below.



10. How would you recognize a basic steroid molecule?

11. List the eight types of proteins and their basic function.

12. What are the names for the monomers and polymers of proteins?

13. Label the diagram below concerning the catalytic cycle of an enzyme -



14. Draw two amino acids – note the amino group, the carboxyl group and the alpha carbon, circle the water molecule to be removed and then note the peptide bond formed when the two are joined.

15. Explain the four levels of protein structure – a.Primary

b.Secondary

c.Tertiary

d.Quaternary

16. How does the characteristics of an amino acid – nonpolar, polar, acidic or basic relate to the issue of tertiary and quaternary structure?

17. What does denaturation mean and why is it important?

18. What are chaperonins and what is their role in protein structure? They're proteins that assist the folding of other proteins. They keep the new polypeptide away from bad things in cytoplasm.

19. Describe the technique of x-ray crystallography. The x-rays get aimed at the protein. The atoms are deflected in an orderly array to the film. A pattern of spots are produced.

20. What are the roles of nucleic acids? They enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one generation to the next.

21. Label the blank diagram below:

22. What is meant by the termthat DNA is antiparallel? The two phosphate backbones are parallel, but go in opposite directions.